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How to Feed and Breed Horses

Horses are herbivores and basically exhibit hindgut fermentation. So it is very essential to practice proper feeding management in horses to prevent both overfeeding and underfeeding. The salient features are highlighted in terms of nutrition.

1. Do not give non-nitrogenous protein substances such as urea to horses of all categories because they cannot digest like ruminants.

2. Horses must have dry matter at least 1.5% of body weight.

3. Body weight (kg)= heart circumference (cm)* 2.7 for light breeds

Body weight (kg)= heart circumference (cm)* 3.1 for medium breeds

Body weight (kg)= heart circumference (cm)* 3.5 for heavy breeds

4. The most common concentrated feed given to a horse is oats, barley, gram and wheat bran.

5. As for green forage, best forage is alfalfa (either green or hay).

6. For better utilization and assimilation of nutrients, the total daily portion can be divided into 4-6 separate meals.

7. Regularity in feeding, avoiding full feeding before and after exercise and changing portion composition gradually are the most important symbols in horse nutrition.

8. With horses it is special that fodder grunt is given before grains. but if chopped fodder is available then it can be mixed with grains or concentrate.

9. No group feeding is advised regarding grain feeding.

10. To avoid mineral deficiency, daily 25-40 gm mineral mixture is added with concentrates.

11. A horse (without work) weighing 400 kg body weight will probably require 0.38 kg Digestible crude protein (DCP), 20 g calcium, 20 g phosphorus and 70 mg carotene.

12. For medium work, it requires 0.86 kg DCP, 50 g Calcium, 50 g phosphorus and 135 mg carotene.

13. And for heavy work, it requires 1.10 kg DCP, 60 g calcium, 60 g phosphorus and 170 mg carotene.

14. Horses should not be watered for at least 20-30 minutes before and after vigorous exercise.

15. The demand for drinking water is 36 liters per day and can vary according to the seasons because in summer the demand for water increases.

16. For general practice, it is to provide water before eating.

17. In general watering, watering should be done three times a day in summer and twice a day in other seasons.

18. Horses are seasonal polyesters. Early spring is considered to be best breeding time in India.

19. puberty is reached at the age of 18 months.

20. Mating must be allowed at 3 years of age when it reaches 75% of body weight,

21. Ester cycle is 21 days and duration of heat is 4-6 days.

22. The should be bred 2 to 3 days after appearance of heat symptoms.

23. The mare’s tail should be bandaged and kept off to the side so as not to interfere during copulation.

24. For breeding, one stallion is enough for 30-40 mares.

25. A stallion must be used 5 times in a week.

26. One of the most visible sights during childbirth is the appearance of pearls of wax on udders a day or two before childbirth.

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